Hippos are known for their thick, oily secretions that give their skin a reddish tinge, often referred to as “blood sweat”. Despite its dramatic appearance, this substance is neither blood nor sweat. It’s a unique blend of acids called hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid that plays a crucial role in protecting the hippo’s sensitive skin.

  • This secretion starts out colourless, much like human sweat. However, when exposed to sunlight, it undergoes a fascinating transformation, turning a vibrant orange-red.
  • This colour shift is temporary, and within a few hours, the secretion fades to a muddy brown.

Beyond its striking colour, this special secretion provides hippos with a range of benefits:

  • Sun Protection: The secretion contains microscopic structures that effectively scatter sunlight, acting as a natural sunscreen to prevent sunburn.
  • Moisturising: The oily nature of the secretion keeps the hippo’s skin moisturised, which is particularly important given their semi-aquatic lifestyle.
  • Antibacterial Properties: Hipposudoric and norhipposudoric acids have remarkable antibiotic properties, safeguarding the animals from harmful bacteria lurking in the water.
  • Insect Repellent: This unique concoction also acts as a natural bug repellent, keeping pesky insects at bay.
  • Wound Healing: The secretion aids in keeping wounds and scratches clean, promoting healing and preventing infections.

The so-called “blood sweat” is a testament to the incredible adaptations of hippos to their environment. It’s not just a bizarre quirk of nature but a multifaceted shield that protects these magnificent creatures from the elements and the threats they face in their watery domain.

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