Penguins are well-known for their charming mating rituals. One of the most endearing of these rituals is the giving of pebbles as a gesture of courtship. This practice is particularly common in Adélie and Gentoo penguins, although it can be observed in other species too.

Pebbles serve as a symbol of commitment and the start of a relationship for penguin couples. The male penguin carefully selects a smooth pebble and presents it as a gift to the female penguin he wishes to court. If the female accepts his proposal, she will place the pebble in her nest. This act signifies her willingness to form a partnership and build a family with him.

The male penguin’s efforts in finding a perfect pebble also demonstrate his suitability as a mate. By presenting a high-quality pebble, he showcases his ability to provide and care for his potential offspring. After the female accepts the pebble, the pair will work together to build a nest from a mound of pebbles, further solidifying their bond.

However, not all pebble proposals are genuine displays of affection. Some male penguins might resort to trickery by stealing pebbles from other penguins to present as their own. This behaviour highlights the competitive nature of courtship in penguin colonies and the lengths to which some males will go to secure a mate.