Sambhaji Maharaj, the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, inherited a formidable legacy and became the second ruler of the Maratha Empire in 1681. His reign, though shorter than his father’s, was marked by intense military campaigns, strategic defence against Mughal invasions, and the expansion of the empire amidst internal conflicts. Sambhaji’s life exemplifies courage, resilience, and patriotism, solidifying his place as a revered figure in Indian history.

Sambhaji

Early Life and Ascension

Born on May 14, 1657, Sambhaji’s early life was shaped by the loss of his mother, Saibai, when he was only two years old. He was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jijabai, who instilled in him the values of bravery and self-reliance. Sambhaji’s marriage to Jivubai (later Yesubai) further strengthened his position. After Shivaji’s death in 1680, Sambhaji ascended to the throne in 1681, inheriting the challenges of a growing empire.

Military Campaigns and Defence of the Empire

Sambhaji led numerous military campaigns to safeguard and expand the Maratha Empire.

  • Resistance Against the Mughals: Sambhaji fiercely resisted Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb’s attempts to conquer the Deccan. He successfully defended the empire against Mughal invasions, employing guerrilla warfare tactics.
  • Attack on Burhanpur: Sambhaji launched an attack on Burhanpur, a major Mughal city, demonstrating his military prowess and sending a strong message to the Mughals.
  • Conflicts with Regional Powers: Sambhaji also engaged in conflicts with the Siddis of Janjira and the Portuguese in Goa, further testing his military capabilities.

Internal Challenges and Conflicts

Despite his military successes, Sambhaji faced internal conflicts and conspiracies. Some officials plotted his assassination, and he had differences with members of his father’s court. These internal challenges complicated his governance but did not deter him from protecting Hindavi Swarajya, the concept of self-rule established by his father.

Capture, Torture, and Execution

In 1689, Sambhaji was captured by Aurangzeb’s forces. He was brutally tortured for days but refused to surrender or convert to Islam. Sambhaji was executed on March 11, 1689, an act that solidified his legacy of courage and sacrifice.

Legacy and Inspiration

Sambhaji’s life and death have left a lasting impact on Indian history. He is remembered as a symbol of courage, wisdom, and resilience. His life teaches valuable lessons in bravery, perseverance, and patriotism, inspiring people to stand up for their beliefs. Sambhaji’s story continues to be celebrated through movies and media, keeping his legacy alive for future generations. The recently released Bollywood movie “Chhava” which means Lion’s Cub, is based on Sambhaji’s life. Sambhaji’s sacrifice and leadership continue to inspire generations, making him an enduring figure in Indian history.

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